(EU 03/04, S. 90 ff.): Ströhle, A.; Wolters, M.; Hahn, A.: Vitamin-B12-Mangel im höheren Lebensalter

Literatur:

1. Bächli E, Fehr J: Diagnose des Vitamin-B12-Mangels: nur scheinbar ein Kinderspiel. Schweiz Med Wochenschr 129 861-872

2. Baik HW, Russell RM: Vitamin B12 deficiency in the elderly. Annu Rev Nutr 19 (1999) 357-377

3. Bässler K-H, Golly I, Loew D, Pietrzik K: Vitamin-Lexikon. Urban & Fischer, München-Jena, S. 163-193 (2002)

4. Bauman WA, Shaw S, Jayatilleke E, Spungen AM, Herbert V: Increased intake of calcium reverses vitamin B12 malabsorption induced by metformin. Diabetes Care 23 (2000) 1227-1231

5. Bischoff SC: Vitamin-B12-Mangel im Alter: Ursachen und Konsequenzen. Aktuel Ernähr Med 27 (2002) 29-35

6. Bjorkegren K, Svardsudd K: Elevated serum levels of methylmalonic acid and homocysteine in elderly people. A population-based intervention study. J Intern Med 246 (1999) 317-324

7. Bjorkegren K, Svardsudd K: Serum cobalamin, folate, methylmalonic acid and total homocysteine as vitamin B12 and folate tissue deficiency markers amongst elderly Swedes – a population-based study. J Intern Med 249 (2001) 423-432

8. Bradford GS, Taylor CT: Omeprazole and vitamin B12 deficiency. Ann Pharmacother 33 (1999) 641-643

9. Budge M, Johnston C, Hogervorst E, de Jager C, Milwain E, Iversen SD, Barnetson L, King E, Smith AD: Plasma total homocysteine and cognitive performance in a volunteer elderly population. Ann N Y Acad Sci 903 (2000) 407-410

10. Carmel R: Cobalamin, the stomach, and aging. Am J Clin Nutr 66 (1997) 750-759

11. Carmel R: Current concepts in cobalamin deficiency. Annu Rev Med 51 (2000) 357-375

12. Charlton KE, Kruger M, Labadarios D, Wolmarans P, Aronson I: Iron, folate and vitamin B12 status of an elderly South African population. Eur J Clin Nutr 51 (1997) 424-430

13. Cheli R, Simon L, Aste H, Figus IA, Nicolo G, Bajtai A, Puntoni R: Atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia in asymptomatic Hungarian and Italian populations. Endoscopy 12 (1980) 105-108

14. Christiansen PM: The incidence of achlorhydria and hypochlorhydria in healthy subjects and patients with gastrointestinal diseases. Scand J Gastroenterol 3 (1968) 497-508

15. Clarke R, Smith AD, Jobst KA, Refsum H, Sutton L, Ueland PM: Folate, vitamin B12, and serum total homocysteine levels in confirmed Alzheimer disease. Arch Neurol 55 (1998) 1449-1455

16. Clarke, R., Harrison, G., Richards, S.: Vital Trial Collaborative Group: Effect of vitamins and aspirin on markers of platelet activation, oxidative stress and homocysteine in people at high risk of dementia. J. Intern. Med. 254 (2003) 67-75.

17. Desouza C, Keebler M, McNamara DB, Fonseca V: Drugs affecting homocysteine metabolism: impact on cardiovascular risk. Drugs 62 (2002) 605-616

18. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Ernährung, Österreichische Gesellschaft für Ernährung, Schweizerische Gesellschaft für Ernährungsforschung, Schweizerische Vereinigung für Ernährung (Hrsg.): Referenzwerte für die Nährstoffzufuhr. Umschau Braus, Frankfurt a. M., S. 131-135 (2000)

19. Feldman M, Cryer B, McArthur KE, Huet BA, Lee E: Effects of aging and gastritis on gastric acid and pepsin secretion in humans: a prospective study. Gastroenterology 110 (1996) 1043-1052

20. Haddad EH, Berk LS, Kettering JD, Hubbard RW, Peters WR: Dietary intake and biochemical, hematologic, and immune status of vegans compared with nonvegetarians. Am J Clin Nutr 80 (3 Suppl) (1999) 586S-593S

21. Herbert V: Vitamin B12: plant sources, requirements, and assay. Am J Clin Nutr 48 (3 Suppl) (1988) 852-858

22. Herbert V: Vitamin B12. In: Ziegler EE, Filer IF (eds): Present Knowledge in Nutrition. International Life Science Institute Press, Washington DC, 7th Edition, pp 191-205 (1996)

23. Herrmann W, Schorr H, Bodis M, Knapp JP, Muller A, Stein G, Geisel J: Role of homocysteine, cystathionine and methylmalonic acid measurement for diagnosis of vitamin deficiency in high-aged subjects. Eur J Clin Invest 30 (2000) 1083-1089

24. Hurwitz A, Brady DA, Schaal SE, Samloff IM, Dedon J, Ruhl CE: Gastric acidity in older adults. JAMA 278 (1997) 659-662

25. Hutto BR: Folate and cobalamin in psychiatric illness. Compr Psychiatry 38 (1997) 305-314

26. Institute of Medicine, Food and Nutrition Board: Dietary reference intakes for thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, pantothenic acid, biotin, and choline. A report of the Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes and its Panel on Folate, Other B Vitamins, and Choline and Subcommittee on Upper Reference Levels of Nutrients. National Academy Press, Washington D.C. (1998)

27. Johnson MA, Hawthorne NA, Brackett WR, Fischer JG, Gunter EW, Allen RH, Stabler SP: Hyperhomocysteinemia and vitamin B-12 deficiency in elderly using Title IIIc nutrition services. Am J Clin Nutr 77 (2003) 211-220

28. Joosten E: Homocysteine, vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Clin Chem Lab Med 39 (2001) 717-720

29. Klee GG: Cobalamin and folate evaluation: measurement of methylmalonic acid and homocysteine vs vitamin B12 and folate. Clin Chem 46 (2000) 1277-1283

30. Koehler KM, Romero LJ, Stauber PM, Pareo-Tubbeh SL, Liang HC, Baumgartner RN, Garry PJ, Allen RH, Stabler SP: Vitamin supplementation and other variables affecting serum homocysteine and methylmalonic acid concentrations in elderly men and women. J Am Coll Nutr 15 (1996) 364-376

31. Krajcovicova-Kudlackova M, Blazicek P, Kopcova J, Bederova A, Babinska K: Homocysteine levels in vegetarians versus omnivores. Ann Nutr Metab 44 (2000) 135-138

32. Krasinski SD, Russell RM, Samloff IM, Jacob RA, Dallal GE, McGandy RB, Hartz SC: Fundic atrophic gastritis in an elderly population. Effect on hemoglobin and several serum nutritional indicators. J Am Geriatr Soc 34 (1986) 800-806

33. Kwok T, Tang C, Woo J, Lai WK, Law LK, Pang CP: Randomized trial of the effect of supplementation on the cognitive function of older people with subnormal cobalamin levels. Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry 13 (1998) 611-616

34. Lindeman RD, Romero LJ, Koehler KM, Liang HC, LaRue A, Baumgartner RN, Garry PJ: Serum vitamin B12, C and folate concentrations in the New Mexico elder health survey: correlations with cognitive and affective functions. J Am Coll Nutr 19 (2000) 68-76

35. Lindenbaum J, Rosenberg IH, Wilson PW, Stabler SP, Allen RH: Prevalence of cobalamin deficiency in the Framingham elderly population. Am J Clin Nutr 60 (1994) 2-11

36. Logan RP, Walker MM: ABC of the upper gastrointestinal tract: Epidemiology and diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection. BMJ 323 (2001) 920-922

37. Lökk J: Association of vitamin B12, folate, homocysteine and cognition in the elderly. Scand J Nutr 47 (2003)132-138

38. Martin DC, Francis J, Protetch J, Huff FJ: Time dependency of cognitive recovery with cobalamin replacement: report of a pilot study. J Am Geriatr Soc 40 (1992) 168-172

39. Nilsson K, Gustafson L, Faldt R, Andersson A, Brattstrom L, Lindgren A, Israelsson B, Hultberg B: Hyperhomocysteinaemia - a common finding in a psychogeriatric population. Eur J Clin Invest 26 (1996) 853-859

40. Nilsson K, Gustafson L, Hultberg B: The plasma homocysteine concentration is better than that of serum methylmalonic acid as a marker for sociopsychological performance in a psychogeriatric population. Clin Chem 46 (2000) 691-696

41. Nilsson K, Gustafson L, Hultberg B: Improvement of cognitive functions after cobalamin/folate supplementation in elderly patients with dementia and elevated plasma homocysteine. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 16 (2001) 609-614

42. Penninx BW, Guralnik JM, Ferrucci L, Fried LP, Allen RH, Stabler SP: Vitamin B12 deficiency and depression in physically disabled older women: epidemiologic evidence from the Women's Health and Aging Study. Am J Psychiatry 157 (2000) 715-721

43. Pennypacker LC, Allen RH, Kelly JP, Matthews LM, Grigsby J, Kaye K, Lindenbaum J, Stabler SP: High prevalence of cobalamin deficiency in elderly outpatients. J Am Geriatr Soc 40 (1992) 1197-1204

44. Peterson WL: Helicobacter pylori and peptic ulcer disease. N Engl J Med 324 (1991) 1043-1048

45. Quinn K, Basu TK: Folate and vitamin B12 status of the elderly. Eur J Clin Nutr 50 (1996) 340-342

46. Rajan S, Wallace JI, Beresford SAA, Brodkin KI, Allan RA, Stabler SP: Screening for cobalamin deficiency in geriatric outpatients: prevalence and influence of synthetic cobalamin intake. J Am Geriatr Soc 50 (2002) 624-630

47. Raux E, Schubert HL, Warren MJ: Biosynthesis of cobalamin (vitamin B12): a bacterial conundrum. Cell Mol Life Sci 57 (2000) 1880-1893

48. Riggs KM, Spiro A 3rd, Tucker K, Rush D: Relations of vitamin B12, vitamin B6, folate, and homocysteine to cognitive performance in the Normative Aging Study. Am J Clin Nutr 63 (1996) 306-314

49. Rosenberg IH: B vitamins, homocysteine, and neurocognitive function. Nutr Rev 59 (2001) S69-73

50. Russell RM: The aging process as a modifier of metabolism. Am J Clin Nutr 72 (2 Suppl) (2000) 529S-532S

51. Russell RM: Factors in aging that effect the bioavailability of nutrients. J Nutr 131 (4 Suppl) (2001) 1359S-61S

52. Russell RM, Rasmussen H, Lichtenstein AH: Modified food guide pyramid for people over seventy years of age. J Nutr 129 (1999) 751-753

53. Saltzman JR, Russell RM: Nutritional consequences of intestinal bacterial overgrowth. Compr Ther 20 (1994) 523-530

54. Schumann K: Interactions between drugs and vitamins at advanced age. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 69 (1999) 173-178

55. Seal EC, Metz J, Flicker L, Melny J: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of oral vitamin B12 supplementation in older patients with subnormal or borderline serum vitamin B12 concentrations. J Am Geriatr Soc 50 (2002) 146-151

56. Seetharam B, Yammani RR: Cobalamin transport proteins and their cell-surface receptors. Expert Rev Mol Med 5 (2003) 1-18

57. Seetharam B: Receptor-mediated endocytosis of cobalamin (vitamin B12). Annu Rev Nutr 19 (1999) 173-195

58. Selhub J, Bagley LC, Miller J, Rosenberg IH: B vitamins, homocysteine, and neurocognitive function in the elderly. Am J Clin Nutr 71 (2000) 614S-620S

59. Selhub J, Jacques PF, Wilson PW, Rush D, Rosenberg IH: Vitamin status and intake as primary determinants of homocysteinemia in an elderly population. JAMA 270 (1993) 2693-2698

60. Seshadri S, Beiser A, Selhub J, Jacques PF, Rosenberg IH, D'Agostino RB, Wilson PW, Wolf PA: Plasma homocysteine as a risk factor for dementia and Alzheimer's disease. N Engl J Med 346 (2002) 476-483

61. Siurala M, Isokoski M, Varis K, Kekki M: Prevalence of gastritis in a rural population. Bioptic study of subjects selected at random. Scand J Gastroenterol 3 (1968) 211-223

62. Stabler SP, Lindenbaum J, Allen RH: Vitamin B-12 deficiency in the elderly: current dilemmas. Am J Clin Nutr 66 (1997) 741-749

63. Stabler SP: Vitamin-12. In: Bowman BA, Russell RM (eds): Present Knowledge in Nutrition. Eight Edition, ILSI Press, Washington DC, pp. 230-240 (2001)

64. Stehle P: Ernährung älterer Menschen. In: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Ernährung e.V. (Hrsg.): Ernährungsbericht 2000. Frankfurt am Main, S 147-178 (2000)

65. Termanini B, Gibril F, Sutliff VE, Yu F, Venzon DJ, Jensen RT: Effect of long-term gastric acid suppressive therapy on serum vitamin B12 levels in patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Am J Med 104 (1998) 422-430

66. Toh BH, van Driel IR, Gleeson PA: Pernicious anemia. N Engl J Med 337 (1997) 1441-1448

67. Ubbink JB: Assay methods for the measurement of total homocyst(e)ine in plasma. Semin Thromb Hemost 26 (2000) 233-241

68. van Asselt DZ, Pasman JW, van Lier HJ, Vingerhoets DM, Poels PJ, Kuin Y, Blom HJ, Hoefnagels WH: Cobalamin supplementation improves cognitive and cerebral function in older, cobalamin-deficient persons. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 56 (2001) M775-M779

69. Villako K, Tamm A, Savisaar E, Ruttas M: Prevalence of antral and fundic gastritis in a randomly selected group of an Estonian rural population. Scand J Gastroenterol 11 (1976) 817-822

70. Waldmann A, Koschizke JW, Leitzmann C, Hahn A: Homocysteine and cobalamin status in German vegans. Public Health Nutr (2004) (in Druck)

71. Welch GN, Loscalzo J: Homocysteine and atherothrombosis. N Engl J Med 338 (1998) 1042-1050

72. Wolters M, Hermann S, Hahn A: B vitamins, homocysteine, and methylmalonic acid in elderly German women. Am J Clin Nutr 78 (2003) 765-72

73. Wolters M, Ströhle A, Hahn A: Altersassoziierte Veränderungen im Vitamin-B12- und Folsäurestoffwechsel: Prävalenz, Ätiopathogenese und pathophysiologische Konsequenzen. Z Gerontol Geriatr (2004) (in Druck)

74. Yao Y, Yao SL, Yao SS, Yao G, Lou W: Prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency among geriatric outpatients. J Fam Pract 35 (1992) 524-528. EU03/04